Zepbound and Mounjaro are GLP-1s and they also positively affect glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors, making them dual agonist medications
Hepatology 78 , 18281842 (2023)
Titration, the process of slowly increasing dosage over time and only when the medication is well-tolerated, helps manage GLP-1 side effects
This is a critical proof-of-concept that GLP-1 RAs effects are not mediated solely through glycemic control but may involve direct modulation of vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial energetics
Exercise and cold exposure induce PGC-1 coactivators, amplifying ERR-dependent gene sets involved in fatty-acid uptake and -oxidation (for example, CPT1, MCAD), OXPHOS subunits, TCA cycle enzymes, and mitochondrial transcription factors (for example, TFAM)